The development and application of superfluids is of great value, and relevant research results are constantly being published.

At ultra-low temperatures, there is no viscosity inside the fluid. Since there is no friction, it can flow endlessly in a ring-shaped container. This material state is called a superfluid state, and a fluid with this peculiar property is called a superfluid state. fluid. According to the “2021-2025 Superfluid Industry In-depth Market Research and Investment Strategy Suggestions Report” released by the Industrial Research Center, superfluids The required temperature conditions are lower than those of superconductors, but it has important application value in dilution refrigerators, quantum computers, high-precision instruments and other fields, so research and development has attracted attention.

In 1937, the superfluid phenomenon was first discovered, using liquid helium as the superfluid. Helium includes two isotopes, helium 3 and helium 4. The first superfluid discovered was helium 4. Liquid helium 4 can appear in a superfluid state at a temperature of 2.17K. By the end of the 1970s, the superfluid state of helium 3 was also discovered.

The dilution refrigerator is an instrument that can provide an environment close to absolute zero. Liquid helium is its important material. Quantum computer circuits are extremely sensitive to ambient temperature and need to operate at extremely low temperatures. The dilution refrigerator is an important supporting equipment. With the continuous advancement of quantum computing technology, the number of quantum computers in the world is gradually increasing, and the demand in fields such as low-temperature physics, materials science, astronomy, etc. is superimposed, and the market space for dilution refrigerators is constantly increasing. Superfluid liquid helium can self-circulate. Compared with ordinary liquid helium, it has obvious advantages in refrigeration effect and energy consumption. Therefore, it has broad market prospects in the field of dilution refrigerators.

In addition to dilution refrigerators, superfluids also have huge market potential in fields such as spectral analysis, gyroscopes, and electronic components. In spectroscopic analysis, superfluid helium 4 can be used as a quantum solvent, allowing individual molecules to have absolute rotational freedom; in gyroscopes, superfluids can measure the gravitational effects predicted by theory; in electronic components, superfluids can achieve zero loss.

On the basis of superfluids, scientists have also discovered superfluid gases and supersolids. German scientists discovered a superfluid gas of rubidium atoms, and its superfluid state and insulating state can be converted into each other, which is of great value in quantum computer research; MIT scientists discovered a 50nK lithium 6 superfluid gas; MIT scientists used sodium atoms The realization of supersolid is achieved by using laser to manipulate the gaseous superfluid in Bose-Einstein condensation; Penn State University scientists discovered that helium 4 supersolid can be realized under high pressure and 2K temperature conditions. Supersolids have a new material form, which not only has a solid structure but can also flow, and has great value for future development and application.

Industry analysts said that in our country, the government, scientific research institutions, and universities attach great importance to the research and development of superfluids. In 2018, Academician Jiang Lei of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences defined the rapid single-chain quantum transmission of ions and molecules in biological pores as “quantum confined superfluid”; in 2021, a team from the School of Information Science and Technology of Peking University collaborated with Fudan University and discovered Triple nematic sequence quantum superfluid; in the “Nano Frontier” key project of the “14th Five-Year Plan” national key research and development plan, the chemical reaction and information transmission of nano-confined superfluid are included. Superfluid research results in our country are also increasing.