Flame-retardant materials are widely used, especially in high-rise buildings, which play a decisive role in preventing or mitigating losses caused by fires. There are many types of flame retardant materials, which can be broadly divided into organic flame retardant materials, inorganic flame retardant materials and organic-inorganic composite flame retardant materials. Most of the currently used flame retardant materials are after adding flame retardants to polymer materials. Materials that can achieve flame retardant effects.
With the expansion of market demand for plastic products, domestic consumption of flame retardants has increased sharply. Wires and cables, household appliances, automobiles and energy-saving lamps are the main application areas of flame retardant modified plastics.
Market demand share of flame retardants in each application field (unit: %)
Except for 2017, China's flame retardant market demand has shown a sustained and steady growth trend. In 2019, China's flame retardant market demand was 10,000 tons, a year-on-year increase. With the rapid development of the downstream application market and the increase in fire prevention awareness, the market demand for flame retardants will further increase. The market demand for flame retardants is expected to be 1.28 million tons in 2025.
Magnesium hydroxide flame retardant material
Magnesium hydroxide has a high melting point and is non-flammable. It is a good inorganic flame retardant. Magnesium hydroxide has wide sources of raw materials and a simple preparation process. It has excellent properties at high temperatures. Good flame retardant and smoke suppression effects. When a fire breaks out, most people die not from the high temperature, but from the inability to breathe normally due to the smoke. Therefore, the smoke suppression performance of flame retardant materials is particularly important. In addition, magnesium hydroxide has good compatibility with other flame retardants and various materials, making magnesium hydroxide flame retardants widely used in plastics, rubber, construction, transportation and other industries. As people's safety awareness increases, magnesium hydroxide has great market potential in the future.
Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant material
Aluminum hydroxide is an inorganic flame retardant that has been used relatively early. Aluminum hydroxide has the advantages of being non-flammable and low price. Currently, aluminum hydroxide is used as an inorganic flame retardant. Fuels dominate various building materials, elastomers, rubbers, coatings and plastic products. When aluminum hydroxide is added to some polymers, the polymer has functions such as smoke elimination and flame retardancy. Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant materials can generate water vapor when burning at high temperatures. The presence of water vapor reduces the chance of contact between flammable gases and oxygen, thereby preventing the fire from spreading. Generally, the higher the aluminum hydroxide content in flame retardant materials, the better the flame retardant effect. However, too high aluminum hydroxide content will affect the strength of the product itself. In addition, although aluminum hydroxide absorbs a large amount of heat, it has a low decomposition temperature and can only be used in polymers with lower processing temperatures. If the processing temperature is too high, aluminum hydroxide may be converted into alumina.
Halogen flame retardant materials
Halogen flame retardant flame retardant materials are the most widely used and have huge annual output. The flame retardant mechanism of halogen flame retardant flame retardant materials is that the material releases hydrogen halide and obtains free radicals at high temperatures or during combustion, thereby preventing the transfer of combustion chains and generating low-activity free radicals to slow down combustion. However, the generated hydrogen halide is toxic, and the toxic gas is a death threat to people when a high-rise building catches fire, so it should be used with caution in high-rise buildings. Halogen flame retardants have good compatibility with polymer materials, so they are mainly used in thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials. They are also widely used in automobile, packaging, textile and other industries. At present, halogen flame retardant materials are widely used and have good market prospects.
Red phosphorus flame retardant material
Phosphates, red phosphorus, etc. belong to the category of inorganic phosphorus flame retardants. Red phosphorus not only has the advantages of smoke suppression and high efficiency, but also has non-toxic characteristics. It is a better flame retardant and is therefore widely used. However, red phosphorus flame retardant materials are easily oxidized at high temperatures or when burned, and release toxic and harmful gases. In addition, dust can easily cause explosions and pose certain risks during resin mixing and molding processing. Therefore, the application of red phosphorus flame retardant materials is subject to certain restrictions. Fortunately, red phosphorus flame retardant has good compatibility with metal hydroxide, so adding an appropriate amount of metal hydroxide to the red phosphorus flame retardant material can improve its performance and solve the problem of red phosphorus flame retardant to a certain extent. Toxicity issues of polymer materials.
Silica flame retardant material
Organic flame retardant materials usually have the drawback of producing toxic and harmful gases when burned. �The ash SiO2 content is 86% (mass fraction), the density is 1. 62 g/cm, and the Blaine specific surface area is 25 m/g. Using silica fume to prepare new inorganic flame retardant materials can effectively solve the defects of organic flame retardant materials. In order to improve the flame retardant properties of silica fume-based flame retardant materials, the authors of the article plan to modify them with polyacrylamide and prepare a new organic-inorganic hybrid silica fume-based flame retardant material with good flame retardant properties.
The driving forces of China's flame retardant market include:
1) The wire and cable industry is relatively mature. The transformation of the power grid, the upgrading of the automobile industry and the communication industry have put forward higher requirements for the safety performance of wires and cables, and the flame retardancy of products The grade requirements are getting higher and higher, resulting in a steady increase in the market demand for flame retardants for wires and cables;
2) In the field of home appliances, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, etc. use a large amount of flame-retardant plastics. At present, China's home appliance industry is mature. The demand for flame-retardant modified plastics for home appliances maintains slow growth;
3) The automotive industry is an application field with greater demand for flame-retardant plastics. Although automobile production has declined slightly in the past three years, bicycle interior accessories and functional structural parts have become more Overall, the demand for flame-retardant plastics maintains slow growth;
4) The implementation of a series of domestic and foreign policies and measures to encourage the use of energy-saving lamps has effectively promoted the development of the domestic energy-saving lamp industry and the growth of its demand for flame-retardant plastics .
There are many types of flame retardants and flame retardant materials. Currently, the main applications include magnesium hydroxide flame retardant materials, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant materials, halogen flame retardant materials, Red phosphorus flame retardant materials, silica flame retardant materials, etc. Various flame retardant materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Judging from various countries and people's expectations for flame retardant materials, new flame retardants and flame retardant materials that are cheap, smokeless during combustion, produce no toxic and harmful gases, and have good flame retardant properties are the future development trend and will surely become the retardant materials. Research focus in the field of combustion.
微信扫一扫打赏
